Plaster & Stucco

Highbridge offers testing to understand the composition and quality of historical and modern plasters and stuccos. We understand the complexities of these materials and possess a deep knowledge of their history and application.

  • Compositional Analysis

    Just as we are known for our expertise in mortar analysis, Highbridge is also regularly called upon to evaluate the composition of stuccos and plasters. We adapt ASTM C1324 to identify materials and mix designs in these layered applications. In modern stuccos, this testing is used to determine whether these comply with specifications. In historical mixtures, we encounter a wide variety of materials. Not only can we use this testing to quantify proportions of these mixes, but we can also distinguish specific binders from Keene's cement to plaster of Paris to cement plaster.

    Plaster with a lightweight vermiculite aggregate from a Frank Lloyd Wright building
  • Sgraffito, Scagliola, and Murals

    Our staff is sensitive to the challenges of art conservation. With architecture, it is usually possible to acquire samples sufficient to meet the statistical rigor of most test methods. This is almost never the case when works of art are incorporated into the architecture. Highbridge has a deep understanding of the materials and methods used in architectural art. Moreover, we can guide our clients through conservative sampling strategies designed to answer the more relevant questions regarding a material’s composition and its interaction with the environment.

    Maya mural on lime plaster from 300 BC Guatemala
  • Other Gypsum Products

    Calcined gypsum is a versatile material that has found application throughout construction past and present. Wood fiber-reinforced gypsum concrete has been used for decades as lightweight roofing. Gypsum-based leveling compounds are popular options for flooring underlayments due to their thermal and acoustical properties. When our clients need to know more about unique gypsum-based products and their condition, Highbridge uses petrography and chemical analysis to characterize these materials and evaluate their performance after installation.

    XPL photomicrograph of self-leveling compound for terrazzo flooring

Test Methods for Plaster & Stucco

Highbridge performs many tests in accordance with standard test methods but also constructs protocols for property characterization and durability evaluations using proprietary methods.

Plaster and Stucco Test Methods:

ASTM C1324 Standard Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened Masonry Mortar

ASTM C1498 Standard Test Method for Hygroscopic Sorption Isotherms of Building Materials (reference water content)

ASTM C1794 Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Water Absorption Coefficient by Partial Immersion

ASTM E96 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

ISO 12572 Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of water vapour transmission properties — Cup method

DIN EN 12087 Determination of long term water absorption by immersion (free water saturation)

Proprietary Instrumental Analysis:

Highbridge partners with trusted institutions and commercial providers to offer research-grade instrumental analysis.

X-Ray diffraction analysis of water-soluble salts extracted from masonry

Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

Thermogravimetric analysis for identification or quantification of volatile constituents

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of organic constituents

Pyrolysis - Gas chromatography / mass spectroscopy for organic components

Transient plane source for thermal conductivity and heat capacity

Plaster and Stucco Specifications:

ASTM C28  Standard Specification for Gypsum Plasters

ASTM C897 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Job-Mixed Portland Cement-Based Plasters

ASTM C926  Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based Plaster